PSYC 2443
Exam 3 Interactive Review

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📚 Exam 3 Study Guide (at a glance)

Adolescent depression common (~1 in 5 by late adolescence); rates rise after puberty.
Gender split: girls’ rates ↑ after ~13; irritability common presentation in children.
Early-onset & recurrence → poorer outcomes; depression history ↑ suicide risk.
Cognitive triad; internal–stable–global attributions; family history = strongest predictor.
P-DD (≥1 year); DMDD (non-episodic irritability + severe outbursts), tx evolving.
CBT/IPT-A best supported; fluoxetine is the only FDA-approved SSRI for youth.

Fear (present threat) vs anxiety (future threat) vs panic (sudden surge).
SNS/adrenaline drive fight–flight; SAD often earliest; social fears ↑ with age.
GAD: excessive worry + somatic complaints; kids with phobias may not see fear as unreasonable.
Comorbidity common (social anxiety; depression); OCD: obsessions vs compulsions.
Early-onset OCD: more boys, ↑ severity/familial loading; two-factor learning (classical + operant).
Behavioral inhibition ↑ risk; supportive, structured parenting can buffer.

Trauma = exposure to extreme/uncommon threat to safety; allostatic load = wear-and-tear.
Repeated stress → system dysregulation; neglect most common maltreatment.
Expectable environment = protective adults + socialization; poverty is severe chronic stress.
Loyalty to abusers complicates intervention; RAD: withdrawn, limited comfort-seeking.
Dissociation = altered consciousness detaching from experience.
Mandated reporting applies broadly; one supportive adult buffers risk.
~50% with both physical + sexual abuse develop PTSD.

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